Full Form of AF, its symptoms and causes.

Full Form of AF

Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-Fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beats in the atria of the heart. It often begins with a short, abnormal heartbeat that becomes longer or continuous over time. It can also begin as other forms of arrhythmia, such as atrial flutter, and transform into AF. Episodes may be asymptomatic. Symptomatic episodes include palpitations, fainting, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Atrial fibrillation is related to an expanded hazard of heart-related issues, dementia, and stroke. A type of supraventricular tachycardia. Hypertension and valvular disease are the most common modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Other heart-related chance variables incorporate heart disappointment, coronary course malady, cardiomyopathy, and inherent heart infection. In low- and middle-income nations, valvular heart illness is regularly caused by rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleeping disorder. Other risk factors include excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. In any case, around half of the cases are not related to any of the over dangers. care providers may suspect atrial fibrillation after feeling a pulse and interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG) to confirm the diagnosis. A typical ECG for atrial fibrillation shows her QRS complexes at irregular intervals without P waves. If you are preparing for competitive exams and are looking for expert guidance, you can check out our General Knowledge Ebook Free PDF: Download Here. 
 

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Healthy lifestyle changes, along with weight reduction in human beings with obesity, multiplied bodily activity, and consuming much less alcohol, can decrease the hazard of atrial traumatic inflammation and decrease its burden if it occurs. AF is regularly handled with medicinal drugs to sluggish the coronary heart price to a near-regular range (referred to as price control) or to transform the rhythm to regular sinus rhythm (referred to as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can convert AF to regular coronary heart rhythm and is regularly essential for emergency use if the man or woman is unstable. Ablation can also additionally save you recurrence in a few human beings. For the ones at a low hazard of stroke, AF does now no longer always require blood thinning even though a few healthcare companies can also additionally prescribe aspirin or an anti-clotting medication. For the ones at greater than low hazard, specialists commonly suggest an anti-clotting medication. Anti-clotting medicinal drugs encompass warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants. Most human beings are at better hazard of stroke. While those medicinal drugs lessen stroke hazards, they boom the costs of foremost bleeding. Atrial traumatic inflammation is the maximum, not unusual place of severe atypical coronary heart rhythm and, as of 2020, impacts greater than 33 million human beings worldwide.  As of 2014, it affected approximately 2 to 3% of the populace of Europe and North America. This becomes a boom from 0.4 to 1% of the populace around 2005. In the growing world, approximately 0.6% of men and 0.4% of ladies are affected. The percent of human beings with AF will increase with age with 0.1% beneath neath 50 years vintage, 4% among 60 and 70 years vintage, and 14% over eighty years vintage being affected.  A-fib and atrial flutter led to 193, three hundred deaths in 2015, up from 29,000 in 1990.  The first regarded file of an abnormal pulse become with the aid of using Jean-Baptiste de Sénac in 1749. 

 

 
 

Symptoms of Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is usually accompanied by symptoms associated with a rapid heart rate. A fast and irregular heart rate may be perceived as a feeling of a heartbeat that is too fast, irregular, or skipping (palpitations) or as intolerance to exercise, sometimes leading to anginal chest pain ( If your heart beats faster and your heart beats worse). Other possible symptoms include heart failure symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling. Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) may only be identified by the onset of a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Atrial fibrillation is not uncommonly first noticed during a routine physical examination or electrocardiogram. Most cases of atrial fibrillation suggest other medical problems, chest pain or angina, signs, and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) such as weight loss or diarrhea, and lung disease Because it is symptomatic, it may indicate an underlying cause. As with hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, or rheumatic fever, a history of stroke or TIA may indicate whether people with atrial fibrillation are at increased risk for complications.

Causes of Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is associated with several forms of cardiovascular disease, but can also occur in otherwise normal hearts. Cardiovascular factors known to be associated with the development of atrial fibrillation include hypertension, coronary artery disease, mitral stenosis (e.g. due to rheumatic heart disease or mitral valve prolapse), mitral regurgitation, Including left atrial enlargement, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, and congenital heart. Defects and previous cardiac surgery.
Following are the causes;

• Genetics
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• High blood pressure(bp)
• Obesity
• Diabetes