NCERT PDF | Geography | Class 12
Fundamentals of Human geography
Chapter: 10
Human Settlements
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NCERT Class 12 Geography Fundamentals of human geography Chapter: 10 PDF
On this page, you can read or download Chapter 10 Human Settlements of the NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography. Students in Class 12 or preparing for any exam based on Class 12 Geography might use the NCERT Book to supplement their studies. When you don't have access to a physical copy, digital NCERT Books Class 12 Geography pdf are always useful.
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NCERT Class 12 Geography Fundamentals of human geography Chapter 10 : Human Settlements
About Chapter : 10 Human Settlements
Chapter 10 human settlements discusses about the classification of settlements rural urban dichotomy, types and patterns of settlements and Problems of human settlements in developing countries.
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Important Question from chapter 10 : Human Settlements
Important Question from chapter 10 : Human Settlements
Q-Discuss the problems associated with urban settlements in developing countries.
A- People go to cities in droves to take advantage of municipal facilities and career prospects. Because most cities in developing nations are unplanned, there is a lot of traffic. Modern cities in emerging nations are characterised by housing shortages, vertical growth, and slum expansion. A growing share of the population in many cities now lives in poor housing, such as slums and squatter settlements.
Economic Issues: The population of emerging countries is constantly being pushed into metropolitan regions due to the declining work prospects in rural and smaller urban areas. The massive migrant population creates an already oversupplied pool of unskilled and semi-skilled labourers in urban areas. This puts more strain on urban infrastructure that is already in place.
Social and cultural issues: Many social ills plague cities in developing nations. Due to a lack of funding, it is impossible to build the necessary social infrastructure to meet the demands of the vast population. The urban poor continue to be unable to access the existing healthcare and educational facilities. Lack of jobs and education often causes crime rates to rise. The sex ratio in these cities is distorted by male selective migration to metropolitan areas. Additionally, a large number of those moving to these places struggle to adapt to their new surroundings and end up feeling socially isolated, which can lead to depression and other problems including drug and alcohol misuse. The imbalance in the sex ratio is caused by male selective migration.
Environmental issues: The big urban populations in developing nations use and discard enormous amounts of water and all kinds of trash. Even providing the bare minimum of potable water and water for home and industrial usage is quite challenging in many developing country towns. The air is highly contaminated by the widespread use of conventional fuel in both the home and industrial sectors. Huge concrete structures built to accommodate the economy and population are a major factor in the development of heat islands.