NCERT PDF | Sociology | Class 12
Social change and Development in India
Chapter: 2
Cultural Change
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NCERT Class 12 Sociology Social change and Development in India Chapter : 2 PDF
On this page, you can read or download Chapter 2 Cultural Change of the NCERT Book for Class 12 sociology . Students in Class 12 or preparing for any exam based on Class 12 Sociology might use the NCERT Book to supplement their studies. When you don't have access to a physical copy, digital NCERT Books Class 12 Sociology pdf are always useful.
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NCERT Class 12 Sociology Social change and development in India chapter 2 : Cultural Change
About Chapter : 2 cultural Change
This chapter includes understanding the colonial system, Urbanisation and industrialisation in India, Tea plantation in India and Industrialisation in independent India. The chapter also further discusses about urbanisation in independent India.
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Q- Westernisation is often just about adoption of western attire and life style. Are there other aspects to being westernised or Is that about modernisation? Discuss.
A- Westernisation does involve the imitation of external forms of culture. It does not necessarily mean that people adopt modem values of democracy and equality.
Apart from western ways of life and thinking, the west influenced Indian art and literature. The painting of Krishna Menon family in matrilineal community in Kerala but it reflects the very typical patrilineal nuclear family of the modern west consisting of the mother, father and children.
Srinivas suggested that while lower castes’ sought to be sanskritised the “upper caste’ sought to be westernized. But this generalization is difficult to maintain. For example, the Thiyyas (by no means considered an upper caste) in Kerala show conscious efforts to westernize. Elite Thiyyas appropriated British culture as a move towards a more cosmopolitan life that criticised caste. Also, western education opens up new opportunities for different groups of people.
The imitation of external forms of culture is a part of Westernisation. It does not imply that individuals adopt modern democratic and egalitarian ideas. The west inspired Indian art and literature in addition to western modes of living and thought. The artwork of the Krishna Menon family depicts a matrilineal society in Kerala, but it also depicts a patrilineal nuclear family in the modern west, with a mother, father, and children.
While the lower castes desired to be sanskritized, Srinivas maintained that the "upper caste" sought to be westernised. However, it is difficult to sustain this generalisation. In Kerala, for example, the Thiyyas (by no means an upper caste) have made explicit efforts to westernise. Elite Thiyyas embraced British culture as a shift away from caste and toward a more cosmopolitan living. Furthermore, western education provides new opportunities for many groups of individuals.
MODERNISATION
•That the truths of utility, calculation, and science take precedence over those of the emotions, the sacred, and the non-rational; •That the individual rather than the group be the primary unit of society and politics; •That the associations in which men live and work be based on choice rather than birth;
•In a bureaucratic organisation, work be separated from family, dwelling, and community.
It would be oversimplifying to say that complicated combinations are simply a mix of tradition and modernity, as if tradition and modernity were fixed entities in and of themselves. Or as though India just has or had a single set of traditions. Tradition and modernity are continually being redefined and updated.