What do you understand by LASER?

LASER

A laser is a device that emits light through the process of light amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission radiation." Lasers differ from other light sources in that they emit coherent light. Spatial coherence allows the laser to be focused on a narrow spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows laser beams to be kept narrow over long distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers and lidars (light detection and range finding). Lasers can also exhibit high temporal coherence, allowing them to emit very narrow spectra of light. Alternatively, temporal coherence can be used to generate ultrashort light pulses with a broad spectrum but only femtosecond duration. Check here Free Current Affairs Magazine-  DOWNLOAD NOW  

History

Albert Einstein first described lasers in 1917. However, Theodore H. Maiman created the first laser device (see Laser in Perfection) in 1960. This feat was accomplished at Hughes Laboratories, where the theories of Charles Hurd Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow made the invention possible.

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Properties of LASER

Laser radiation has very specific properties that are used in many different types of applications. It is used in the manufacture of various electronic devices such as CD-ROMs, barcode readers, etc. Laser light is exceptionally lean and coherent.  In addition, you can also check out our free General Awareness E-book- Download now for all competitive exams. 

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Applications of LASER

• It is used with CD and DVD ROMs.

• In barcode scanners.

• As an integral part of fusion reactors.

• In various types of devices like cutting, drilling, surface treatment, soldering, and welding.

• In medical devices like dental and cosmetic equipment.

• In laser printers.

• Used in military equipment. Missile defense equipment.

Principle of LASER

A simple laser consists of a chamber called a cavity, made to reflect visible, infrared, or ultraviolet waves and reinforce each other. Cavities can contain liquids, solids, or gases The choice of material within the depth decides the yield wavelength. Mirrors are put at each conclusion of the depression. One of the mirrors is completely reflective, so no light can pass through it. The other mirror is partially reflective and lets 5% of the light through. Energy is pumped into the cavity from an external source by a process called pumping. Waves between mirrors are reflected back and forth. The length of the cavity is dimensioned such that the reflected waves amplify each other. At the edge of the resonator, the electromagnetic wave exits in harmony with the partially reflective mirrors. The laser yield may be a coherent electric field. Both waves are coherent beams of electromagnetic energy and have the same phase and frequency.

What are the types of LASER?

• Solid-state laser

• Gas laser

• Dye or liquid laser

• Excimer laser

• Chemical laser

• Semiconductor laser

Procs and cons of LASER

Advantages of lasers It is used to convey information in the field of communication due to their tremendous capacity to support information. This principle of electromagnetic interference is used in wireless communication systems over free space in both telecommunications and computer networks, as laser radiation is immune to these interferences. Laser emissions contain almost no signal leakage. Laser-based optical fibers are used in fiber optic systems because they are very light. Lasers are widely used in the medical field for cancer diagnosis because they are less harmful than X-rays. They are used to burn small tumors on the surface of the eye and tissues.

Disadvantages of lasers because lasers are expensive, and patients who require laser-based treatment options are very expensive. Lasers are expensive to maintain, resulting in high costs to doctors and hospital administrators. The laser increases the folding and treatment time based on the laser equipment.