A storey is a re-enactment of reality from a certain point of view. It's a complete unit of expression, internally coherent and self-contained; reality rearranged to produce meaning. This explanation of narrative's fundamental role does not strike me as difficult or contentious in the least.
How to Narrate - Follow These Simple Steps
Assertive Sentences (Assertive Sentences) -
"I'll fetch you a pen," Rudra said to Kinjal. Speech / Direct Narration
Rudra promised Kinjal he'd bring her a pen. Speech / Indirect Narration
The first rule is to stick to it.
say to will be replaced with tell.
explains to enter
instructed to enter said
will/shall tell will/shall speak to into
The words "say," "says," and "said" will be used interchangeably.
The second rule is that if you do not follow it, you will be penalised.
Into that, inverted commas
To alter the Persons - Use the rule SON/123.
The letters S stand for Subject, O for Object, and N for No Change.
The subject will be changed to the first person, the object will be changed to the second person, and the third person will remain unchanged.
To examine the rules for changing tenses, look at the table.
Interrogative Narration for Competitive Exams :
There are two types of Interrogative narration -
Simple Interrogative and Interrogative with W-H Family.
Example of Simple Interrogative :
He said to me " Are you mad ?"
Example of W-H Interrogative Sentence :
He said to me " Why are you late ?"
Now how to change the direct narration of Interrogative sentences in to Indirect narration :
Questions And Answers
Question 1
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
Renna said, ''we must all die one day .''
Option 1: Reena said that we would all die one day
Option 2: Reena said that we had been all die one day
Option 3: Reena said that we must all die one day
Option 4: Reena told me that we must all die one day
Answer: 3: Reena said that we must all die one day
Explanation:
'must' normally does not change when it refers to duty or laws of nature Reena said that we must all die one day
Question 2
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
Rahul said to her, ''you must obey your parents''.
Option 1: Rahul told her that she must obey her parents
Option 2 : Rahul said to her that she should obey her parents
Option 3: Rahul said to her that she must obey her parents
Option 4: Rahul told her that she must have obey her parents
Answer: 3: Rahul said to her that she must obey her parents
Explanation:
'must' normally does not change when it refers to duty or laws of nature Rahul said to her that she must obey her parents
Question 3
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
She said to me , ''when i was a student i could not go out alone''.
Option 1: she told me that when she was a student she had not allowed to go alone
Option 2: she told me that when she was a student she could not be allowed to go alone
Option 3: she told me that when she was a student she has not allowed to go alone
Option 4: she told me that when she was a student she was not allowed to go alone
Answer: 4: she told me that when she was a student she was not allowed to go alone
Explanation: 'could' is changed in case of permissions she told me that when she was a student she was not allowed to go alone.
Question 4
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
The mother said , ''what will i do with so much money, My son!''
Option 1: The mother said that her son what she should do with so much money
Option 2: The mother asked her son what she would do with so much money
Option 3: The mother asked her son what she would have done with so much money
Option 4: The mother asked her son what she should have done with so much money
Answer: 1: The mother said that her son what she should do with so much money
Explanation:
'will' change in to 'should' when the speaker seeks advice or request The mother said that her son what she should do with so much money
Question 5
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
Rohan said, ''Netaji was born in Kolkata.''
Option 1: Rohan said that Netaji has born in Kolkata
Option 2: Rohan said that Netaji had born in Kolkata
Option 3 : Rohan said that Netaji was born in Kolkata
Option 4: Rohan said that Netaji had been born in Kolkata
Answer: 3: Rohan said that Netaji was born in Kolkata
Explanation:
past indefinite does not change when it expresses historical past Rohan said that Netaji was born in Kolkata
Question 6
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
She said to her mother , ''father had le before/when she reached home.''
Option 1: she told her mother that father has le before/ when she reached home
Option 2: she told her mother that father had le before/ when she reached home
Option 3: she told her mother that father had le before/ when she had reached home
Option 4: she told her mother that father le before/ when she had reached home
Answer: 2: she told her mother that father had le before/ when she reached home
Explanation: past definite does not change when it is used in time clause she told her mother that father had le before/ when she reached home
Question 7
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
She said, ''i cooked vegetables and he fried rice.''
Option 1: she told me that she cooked vegetables and he fried rice
Option 2: she said that she cooked vegetables and he fried rice
Option 3: she said that she had cooked vegetables and he fried rice
Option 4: she said that she cooked vegetables and he had fried rice
Answer: 2: she said that she cooked vegetables and he fried rice
Explanation:
past indefinite does not change when it expresses two simultaneous actions she said that she cooked vegetables and he fried rice
Question 8
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
Ankita said to me, ''when i met him , he was playing.''
Option 1: Ankita told me that when she met him he has been playing
Option 2: Ankita told me that when she had been met him he was playing
Option 3: Ankita told me that when she met him he was playing
Option 4: Ankita said to me that when she met him he was playing
Answer 3: Ankita told me that when she met him he was playing
Explanation:
Past indefinite does not change when it is used in time clause Ankita told me that when she met him he was playing
Question 9
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
He said to me, ''while i was singing , she was dancing.'
Option 1: He told me that while he has been singing,she was dancing
Option 2: He told me that while he has been singing,she was dancing
Option 3: He told me that while he was singing,she has been dancing
Option 4: He said to me while he has been singing,she was dancing
Answer:2: He told me that while he has been singing,she was dancing
Explanation:
Past continuous does not changed when it is used in time clauses .The correct option is: He told me that while he has been singing,she was dancing
Question 10
Directions: A sentence has been given in direct/Indirect form. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect/Direct form.
She said to me, '' I was thinking of helping him but changed my mind later on''.
Option 1: she said that she had been thinking of helping him but changed her mind later on
Option 2: she told me that she had been thinking of helping him but changed her mind later on
Option 3: she told me that she has been thinking of helping him but changed her mind later on
Option 4: she said to me that she had been thinking of helping him but changed her mind later on
Answer: 2: she told me that she had been thinking of helping him but changed her mind later on
Explanation:
Past continuous changed when it refers to a complete action .correct option is : she told me that she had been thinking of helping him but changed her mind later on
Question 11
He said, “I will come again.”
Option 1: He said that he will come again.
Option 2: He says he is coming again.
Option 3: He says he’ll come again.
Option 4: He said that he would come again.
Answer: 4: He said that he would come again.
Question 12
The poor examinee said, “O God! take pity on me.”
Option 1: The poor examinee prayed God to take pity on him
Option 2: The poor examinee, invoking God, implored him to take pity on him
Option 3: The poor examinee exclaimed that God take pity on him
Option 4: The poor examine asked God to take pity on him
Answer: 2: The poor examinee, invoking God, implored him to take pity on him
Question 13
“I shall unlock the secrets of their success,” he said.
Option 1: He said that he shall unlock the secrets of their success.
Option 2: He said that he should unlock the secrets of their success.
Option 3: He said that he would unlock the secrets of their success.
Option 4: He said that he will unlock the secrets of their success.
Answer: 3: He said that he would unlock the secrets of their success.
Question 14
He said, “Why didn’t you send your application to me ?”
Option 1: He enquired why I had not sent my application to him.
Option 2 : He enquired why I did not send my application to him.
Option 3: He enquired why had I not sent my application to him.
Option 4: He enquired why I did not send my application to him.
Answer: 1: He enquired why I had not sent my application to him.
Question 15
“What did you see at the South Pole ?” Ashok asked Anil.
Option 1: Ashok asked Anil if he saw anything at the South Pole.
Option 2: Ashok asked Anil what he had. seen at the South Pole.
Option 3: Ashok asked Anil what did he see at the South Pole.
Option 4: Ashok asked Anil that he saw anything at the South Pole.
Answer: 2: Ashok asked Anil what he had. seen at the South Pole.
Question 16
“Would you open the door please ?”
Option 1: She asked me to please open the door.
Option 2: She requested me to open the door.
Option 3: She requested me to please open the door.
Option 4: She asked me to open the door.
Answer:2: She requested me to open the door.
Question 17
The boy pleaded that he had not stolen the book.
Option 1: The boy said, “I don’t steal the book.”
Option 2: The boy said, “I didn’t steal the book.”
Option 3: The boy said, “I hadn’t stolen the book.”
Option 4: The boy said, “I haven’t stolen the book.”
Answer: 3: The boy said, “I hadn’t stolen the book.”
Question 18
He said, “I have made a kite.”
Option 1: He says that he made a kite
Option 2: He will say that he had made a kite.
Option 3: He said that I had made a kite.
Option 4: He said that he had made a kite.
Answer: 4: He said that he had made a kite.
Question 19
She announced that they had selected Pradeep as their leader.
Option 1: She said, “Pradeep is our leader.”
Option 2: She announced, “We have selected Pradeep as our leader.”
Option 3: She announced, “Let us select Pradeep as our leader.”
Option 4: She declared, “Pradeep had been selected as our leader.”
Answer: 2: She announced, “We have selected Pradeep as our leader.”
Question 20
He told the boy not to sit there.
Option 1: “Didn’t sit here,” he said to the boy.
Option 2: “Don’t sit there,” he said to the boy.
Option 3: “Didn’t sit there,” he said to the boy.
Option 4: “Don’t sit here,” he said to the boy.
Answer: 4: “Don’t sit here,” he said to the boy.
Changes from past form in an indirect speech from the verb in Reported speech.
- Simple present changes to Simple Past.
- Present Continuous changes to Past Continuous.
- Present Perfect changes to Past Perfect.
- Present Perfect Continuous changes to Past Perfect Continuous.
- Simple Past changes to Past Perfect.
What are examples of narration?
Example:
- Direct: she said, “I would not be the victim.”
- Indirect: she said that she would not be the victim.
- Direct: David said, “You need to repair the car.”
- Indirect: David said that I need to repair the car.
- Direct: Mary said, “I used to love dancing.”
- Indirect: Mary said she used to love dancing.
What are the 3 types of narration?
Types of Narration
- First Person - In this point of view, a character (typically the protagonist, but not always) is telling the story. ...
- Second Person - In this point of view, the author uses a narrator to speak to the reader. ...
- Third Person - In this point of view, an external narrator is telling the story.