CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2021- 2022 : Check here !

Class 12 Economics covers a wide range of topics and advanced information about the subject, as well as all of the questions from the CBSE Class 11 Economics Syllabus. Economics focuses on how governments, businesses, households, societies, and people make decisions about when, where, and how to best utilise their natural resources. It is a research that works with numerous abstract and ideal blueprints to examine the activity and predict how institutions would respond to changes in fiscal policies and market conditions, among other things.Join Safalta School Online and prepare for Board Exams under the guidance of our expert faculty. Our online school aims to help students prepare for Board Exams by ensuring that students have conceptual clarity in all the subjects and are able to score their maximum in the exams. 

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CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2021-22 : CBSE Board exam 2022

Economics for Class 12 is a more advanced version of Class 11. We covered the fundamentals of the subject in prior lessons. It is an advanced level of the topics in Class 12.

The table below consists of Term 1 CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus with Marks Distribution 2021-22

Units	Term 1 – MCQ Based Question Paper	Marks	Periods
Part A	Introductory Macroeconomics
	Money and Banking	6	08
	Government Budget and the Economy	6	15
	Balance of Payments	6	07
	Sub Total	18	30
Part B	Indian Economic Development
	Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991: Indian Economy on the eve of Independence Indian Economy (1950-90) Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation : An Appraisal	12	28
	Current challenges facing Indian Economy Poverty Human Capital Formation Rural development	10	17
	Sub Total	22	45
	Total Theory Paper	40	75
	Project Work	10

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 2: Money and Banking

• Money – meaning and supply of money – Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
• Money creation by the commercial banking system.
• Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker’s Bank.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

• Government budget – meaning, objectives and components.
• Classification of receipts – revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
• Measures of government deficit – revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

• Balance of payments account – meaning and components; balance of payments deficit meaning.
• Foreign exchange rate – meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991

• A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.
• Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.
• Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.

Economic Reforms since 1991:

• Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

• Poverty- absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment.
• Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development.
• Rural development: Key issues – credit and marketing – role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification.

Term 2 CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus with Marks Distribution 2021-22

Economics
Class – XII (2021-22)

Theory: 40 Marks
Time: 2 Hrs

Units	Term 1 – Subjective Question Paper	Marks	Periods
Part A	Introductory Macroeconomics
	National Income and Related Aggregates	10	23
	Determination of Income and Employment	12	22
	Sub Total	22	45
Part B	Indian Economic Development
	Current Challenges facing Indian Economy Employment Infrastructure Sustainable Economic Development	12	18
	Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours Comparative Development Experience of India and its Neighbours	06	12
	Sub Total	18	30
	Grand Total	40	75
	Project Work	10

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

What is Macroeconomics?

• Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
• Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income –
• Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.
• Aggregates related to National Income:
• Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) – at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.
• GDP and Welfare

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment

• Aggregate demand and its components.
• Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
• Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
• Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
• Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them – changes in government spending, taxes and money supply through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

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Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies
Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Health: Problems and Policies – A critical assessment.
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming

Unit 8: Development Experience of India

• A comparison with neighbours
• India and Pakistan
• India and China
• Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human
• Development Indicators

Part C: Project in Economics

Prescribed Books:
1. Statistics for Economics, NCERT
2. Indian Economic Development, NCERT
3. Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT
4. Macroeconomics, NCERT
5. Supplementary Reading Material in Economics, CBSE

Guidelines for Project Work in Economics (Class XII)
The objectives of the project work are to enable learners to:

• probe deeper into theoretical concepts learnt in classes XI and XII
• analyse and evaluate real world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments
• demonstrate the learning of economic theory
• follow up aspects of economics in which learners have interest
• develop the communication skills to argue logically

Role of the teacher:
The teacher plays a critical role in developing thinking skills of the learners. A teacher should:

• help each learner select the topic based on recently published extracts from the news media, government policies, RBI bulletin, NITI Aayog reports, IMF/World Bank reports etc., after detailed discussions and deliberations of the topic
• play the role of a facilitator and supervisor to monitor the project work of the learner through periodic discussions
• guide the research work in terms of sources for the relevant data
• educate learner about plagiarism and the importance of quoting the source of the information to ensure authenticity of research work
• prepare the learner for the presentation of the project work
• arrange a presentation of the project file

Expected Checklist:

• Introduction of topic/title
• Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies
• Various stakeholders and effect on each of them
• Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
• Short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested in the course of research
• Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and for presentation in the project file
• Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file
• Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography etc.

Term-Wise Assessment of Project Work:

• Project Work has broadly the following phases: Synopsis/ Initiation, Data Collection, Data Analysis and Interpretation, Conclusion.
• The aspects of the project work to be covered by students can be assessed during the two terms.
• 20 marks assigned for Project Work can be divided in to two terms.

Mode of presentation/submission of the Project:

Each learner will present the research work in the Project File to the External and Internal examiners at the end of the specified period. The questions should be based on the learner's Research Work/Project File. The Internal Examiner should guarantee that the learner's study is his/her own original effort. If there is any doubt about the legitimacy, it should be checked and validated.

CBSE Class 12 Economics Term – I Project Work (Part 1): 10 Marks

The teacher will assess the progress of the project work in the term I in the following manner:

Month	Periodic Work	Assessment Rubrics	Marks
1-3 July-September	Instructions about Project Guidelines, Background reading Discussions on Theme and Selection of the Final Topic, Initiation/ Synopsis	Introduction, Statement of Purpose/Need and Objective of the Study, Hypothesis/Research Question, Review of Literature, Presentation of Evidence, Key Words, Methodology, Questionnaire, Data Collection.	5
4-5 October-November	Planning and organisation: forming an action plan, feasibility or baseline study, Updating/modifying the action plan, Data Collection	Significance and relevance of the topic; challenges encountered while conducting the research.	5
October-November	Mid-term Assessment by internal examiner		10

CBSE Class 12 Economics Term – II Project Work (Part 1): 10 Marks

The teacher will assess the progress of the project work in the term II in the following manner:

Month	Periodic Work	Assessment Rubrics	Marks
6-7 December-January	Content/data analysis and interpretation. Conclusion, Limitations, Suggestions, Bibliography, Annexures and Overall Presentation of the project.	Content analysis and its relevance in the current scenario. Conclusion, Limitations, Bibliography, Annexures and Overall Presentation.	5
8 January/ February	Final Assessment and VIVA by both Internal and External Examiners	External/ Internal Viva based on the project	5
		Total	10

Suggestive List of Projects for Class 12

• Micro and Small Scale Industries
• Food Supply Channel in India
• Contemporary Employment situation in India
• Disinvestment policy of the government
• Goods and Services Tax Act and its Impact on GDP
• Health Expenditure (of any state)
• Human Development Index
• Inclusive Growth Strategy
• Self-help group
• Trends in Credit availability in India
• Monetary policy committee and its functions
• Role of RBI in Control of Credit
• Government Budget & its Components
• Trends in budgetary condition of India
• Exchange Rate determination – Methods and Techniques
• Currency War – reasons and repercussions
• Livestock – Backbone of Rural India
• Alternate fuel – types and importance
• Sarwa Siksha Abhiyan – Cost Ratio Benefits
• Golden Quadrilateral- Cost ratio benefit
• Minimum Support Prices x Relation between Stock Price Index and Economic Health of Nation
• Waste Management in India – Need of the hour
• Minimum Wage Rate – approach and Application
• Digital India- Step towards the future
• Rain Water Harvesting – a solution to water crises
• Vertical Farming – an alternate way
• Silk Route- Revival of the past
• Make in India – The way ahead
• Bumper Production- Boon or Bane for the farmer
• Rise of Concrete Jungle- Trend Analysis
• Organic Farming – Back to the Nature
• Any other newspaper article and its evaluation on basis of economic principles
• Any other topic

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  Intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation. Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method. and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP. Aggregate demand and its components