NCERT PDF | Geography | Class 12
India people and economy
Chapter: 3
Human development
Geography textbooks for Class 12 are published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). The NCERT Class 12th Geography textbooks are renowned for their extensively reviewed and updated curriculum.
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NCERT Class 12 Geography India people and economy Chapter: 3 PDF
On this page, you can read or download Chapter 3 Human development of the NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography. Students in Class 12 or preparing for any exam based on Class 12 Geography might use the NCERT Book to supplement their studies. When you don't have access to a physical copy, digital NCERT Books Class 12 Geography pdf are always useful.
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NCERT Class 12 Geography India people and economy Chapter 3 : Human development
About Chapter : 3 Human development
The chapter explains about human development in India, Indicators of a healthy life, Indicators of social empowerment and the human development index in India.
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Important Question from chapter 3 : Human development
Important Question from chapter 3 : Human development
Q- Discuss the spatial patterns of female literacy in India in 2001 and bring out the reasons responsible for it.
A- According to 2001 statistics, 65.4 percent of Indians are literate overall, but only 54.16 percent of women. In the majority of the south Indian states, both total and female literacy rates are higher than the average for the country. The literacy rate varies significantly by geography in all of India's states. Bihar, for example, has a very low literacy rate of only 47.53 percent, while Kerala and Mizoram have literacy rates of 90.92 and 88.49 percent, respectively.
Kerala's outstanding accomplishment in obtaining nearly 100% literacy (90.92%) in 2001 allowed it to record the highest value in the HDI. In a contrasting environment, states with very low literacy rates include Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Assam, and Uttar Pradesh. For instance, Bihar's overall literacy rate that year was only 60.32 percent. There are fewer discrepancies between male and female literacy rates in states with greater total literacy rates. 6.34 percent of the population lives in Kerala, compared to 26.75 percent in Bihar and 25.95 percent in Madhya Pradesh.
Aside from spatial variations, the percentage of educated people is relatively low in rural areas and among the disadvantaged groups in our society, including women, members of scheduled castes and tribes, agricultural labourers, etc. Although the percentage of literate people in the marginalised group has increased, it is important to note that throughout time, the wealth disparity between the wealthy and the marginalised groups of the population has grown.
