What is cell?
Cell is structural and functional unit of the life, we can imagine it with brick, just as a building is formed by the mixing of bricks, similarly many cells together form the body of living beings.The word ‘cell’ is derived from the Latin word ‘shellula’ which means ‘a small room’.Cell is the basic body of all living things (animals and plants)
| Include in this article |
| What is cell? |
| Cell discovery |
| Shape and size of the cell |
| Cell structure and function |
| Organism basis of cell |
| Cell organelle |
| Plasma membrane |
| Cell membrane |
| Nucleus |
| Chromosomes |
| DNA |
| DNA function |
Know more:
Cell discovery
The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 in thin slides of cork. He saw a beehive-like cell based on a thin layer of cork, which Robert Hooke named the cell. In 1674, Leeuwenhoek discovered living cells in the pond.
Shape and size of cells
Cells can be of different types in different types of organisms or in different organs of the same organism. Generally the cell is round and elongated but some cells are very long and sharp at the edges, that is, the shape or size of any cell depends on its function.. Most cells are microscopic.
size
• The largest cell is the ostrich egg. Its size is 170x130 mm It happens.
• Viruses do not follow the cell principle.
• The discovery of the electron microscope in the 1940s led to the discovery of the complex structure of the cell.
Cell: Structural and functional unit
Cells can be of different types in different types of organisms or in different organs of the same organism. Generally the cell is round and elongated but some cells are very long and sharp at the edges, that is, the shape or size of any cell depends on its function.
Types of organisms basis of cells
• All organisms are made up of cells. In some organisms, only one cell does the work of the whole organism.
Single Single-cellsm:-Bacteria whose bodies are made up of a single cell are called unicellular organisms. E.g. amoeba, eugenics, bacteria, paramecium etc.
• multicellular organism:- And such organisms whose body is made up of many cells, are called multicellular organisms. Like humans, plants, animals etc. Multicellular organisms are made up of different types of cells. Enzymes that differ in size and function are found in multicellular organisms.
Cell organelles
The word ‘cell’ is derived from the Latin word ‘shellula’ which means ‘a small room’.
The cell's basic component of the body of all living things (animals and plants)
Based on the study under the microscope, the cell is divided into three part....
- Plasma Membrane or Cell Membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
1.Plasma Membrane / Cell
• Scientists named Singer and Nicholson gave the accepted theory of plasma membrane.
Cell membrane.
This principle is called the fluid mosaic model.
• The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm. Hence it gives a definite shape to the cell. And provides mechanical support to the cell.
• This membrane is semi-permeable, so it allows some substances not all, so this membrane is called selectively permeable membrane or selectively permeable membrane
This principle is called the fluid mosaic model.
• The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm. Hence it gives a definite shape to the cell. And provides mechanical support to the cell.
• This membrane is semi-permeable, so it allows some substances not all, so this membrane is called selectively permeable membrane or selectively permeable membrane
• The entry of substances into the cell membrane through the external medium is called cytosis. If there is ingestion of solids then it is called phagocytosis and if the ingestion of liquids is called cytoplasm.
This process is called endocytosis, due to the ability of chelate, unicellular organisms to get food from the environment.
Nucleus
Generally, the nucleus is found in all living cells but the nucleus is not found in RBC, bacteria, virus , plasma,blue-green algae.
Parts of the nucleus
- Nuclear membrane The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. A double membrane made of fat and protein is found around the nucleus, which is called the nuclear membrane. Small pores are found in the nuclear membrane, which is called nuclear pores.
Through these pores, the cytoplasmic fluid moves in or out of the nucleus.
Note- Organisms which do not have nuclear membrane are called prokaryotic organisms and those organisms which have nuclear membrane are called eukaryotic.
Nucleoplasm
A thick semi-liquid transparent liquid is filled inside the nucleus, which is called Nucleoplasm. It is also called karyolymph or nucleoplasm. Enzymes like DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, ribonucleoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, etc. are found in this material.
Nucleolus
The nucleus was discovered by the Saltana scientist. Inside the nucleus, there is a small spherical structure, called the nucleus, found in eukaryotic organisms.
Chromosomes
- Chromosomes appear before and after cell division, as long threads called chromatin. During cell division, the threads of the chromatin reticulum separate into small rod-like structures called chromosomes.
DNA
Function
DNA carries genetic traits from one generation to the next go , The functional segment of DNA is called a gene. Therefore DNA is called the genetic material and gene is called the genetic unit.
• The nucleus protects the cell and participates in cell division., It produces cellular RNA (RNA) necessary for protein synthesis.
• Synthesis of RNA takes place in the nucleus.
• The nucleus protects the cell and participates in cell division., It produces cellular RNA (RNA) necessary for protein synthesis.
• Synthesis of RNA takes place in the nucleus.
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Q1-what is the cell structure?
Answer -A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.
Q2-what are the cell made of?
Answer-All cells are made from the same major classes of organic molecules: nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Q3-what is inside the cell?
Answer -A cell has three main parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and controls the substances that go into and out of the cell. The nucleus is a structure inside the cell that contains the nucleolus and most of the cell's DNA. It is also where most RNA is made.
Q4-what are the cell importance?
Answer- Cells provide structure and function for all living things, from microorganisms to humans. Scientists consider them the smallest form of life. Cells house the biological machinery that makes the proteins, chemicals, and signals responsible for everything that happens inside our bodies
Q5-we can live without cell?
Answer- No. Cells are one of the characteristics we use to define whether something is alive or not. So all the creatures we call "living things" are made of cells, from the tiniest bacteria to the largest animals and plants
