NCERT Syllabus for Class 11 Legal Studies 2022-2023, Download PDF

NCERT Syllabus for Class 11 Legal Studies 2022-2023

NCERT Syllabus for Class 11 Legal Studies: Course Content

Unit I Introduction to Political Institutions

Concept of State
1. What is a State?

• The concept of State and Article 12 of the Indian Constitution

2. What is a Government?

• Emergence of the State from Society

3. Definition of State

Forms and Organs of Government
1. Introduction to the Organs of Government
2. Forms of Government

• Monarchy
• Aristocracy
• Dictatorship
• Democracy

3. Main organs of Government and its functions
4. General Functions of Legislature as Organ of Government
5. General Functions of Executive as Organ of Government
6. General Functions of Judiciary as an Organ of the Government

Separation of Powers
1. Concept of Separation of Powers
2. Historical Background and Evolution of Montesquieu’s Doctrine of Separation of Powers

• Montesquieu’s Doctrine of Separation of Powers
• Basic Features of the Doctrine Separation of Powers as Enunciated by Montesquieu
• Checks and Balances of Power
• Impact of the Doctrine

3. Evaluation of The Doctrine of Separation of Powers

• Key Benefits and Advantages of The Doctrine of Separation of Powers
• Defects of the Doctrine

4. Separation of Powers In Practice

• Separation of Powers in Britain
• Separation of Powers in the United States of America
• Separation of Powers in India

Unit 2 Basic Features of The Constitution of India

Salient Features of The Constitution of India
1. Meaning of the term Constitution
2. Definition of the term Constitution
3. Historical Perspective of Indian Constitution
4. Salient Features of The Constitution of India

• A Modern Constitution
• Lengthiest written Constitution
• Preamble to the Constitution
• Fundamental Rights; Directive Principles of State Policy; Fundamental Duties
• Constitutional Provision for Amendment of the Indian Constitution
• Adult Suffrage
• Single Citizenship
• Independent Judiciary
• Emergency Provisions
• Federal in form Unitary in character
• Division of Power- Centre- State Relations

5. Schedules to the Constitution

Unit 3 Jurisprudence, Nature and Sources of Laws

Classification of Laws

• Classification of Law based on Subject matter
• Classification of Law based on Scope of Law
• Classification of Law based on Jurisdiction

Sources of Law

• Where does law come from?
• Custom as a source of Law
• Importance of Custom as a source of Law in India
• Judicial Precedent as a Source of Law
• Legislation as a Source of Law

Law Reform

• Need for Law Reform
• Law Reforms in India
• Recent Law Reforms in Independent India

Cyber Laws, Safety and Security in India

• Introduction
• Why do we need Cyber Laws?
• What is Cyber Law?
• What is Cyber safety and Security?
• What is cyber Crime?
• Categories of Cyber Crime
• Cyber law in India
• Scope and Extent of The Information and Technology Act, 2000(IT Act)
• What was Section 66A of IT Act, 2000?

Unit 4 Judiciary: Constitutional, Civil and Criminal Courts And Processes

Judiciary: Constitutional, Civil and Criminal Courts and Processes

• Introduction: Establishment of the Supreme Court and High Courts

Constitution, Roles, and Impartiality 

• Independence and Impartiality of the Supreme Court
• Structure and Hierarchy of the Courts in India
• The civil process and functioning of Civil courts

The Civil Court Structure

• Common legal terminology
• Types of jurisdiction
• Res subjudice and Res judicata in code of civil procedure 1908

Structure and Functioning of Criminal Courts In India 

• Types of offences
• Criminal investigation and First Information Report
• The criminal process- Investigation and prosecution
• Doctrine of autrefois acquit and autrefois convict
• Other courts in India
• Family Courts
• Administrative Tribunals

Unit 5 Family Justice System

Institutional Framework; Marriage and Divorce

• Nature of Family law in India
• Human rights and gender perspective
• Institutional framework- family Courts
• Role of women in the creation of family courts
• Role of lawyers and counselors in Family courts
• Role of counselors and gender issues
• Marriage and Divorce

Prevention of Violence against Women

• What is Domestic abuse / violence?
• International legal framework
• Laws in India on prevention of violence against women 

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