NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023, Download PDF and Get Preparation Tips

Candidates who are in Class 12 should refer to the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 20222-2023 so to get an idea about the curriculum and prepare for the examination in a good way. Having knowledge about the syllabus can help plan your studies, make timetables, and work to score excellent grades. Class 12 Biology syllabus explains to you the marking scheme, course content, project details, and other important components of the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023. We have also provided the link for PDF download. You can find it below in the blog.

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The NCERT Syllabus is issued and designed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). This curriculum is mostly prescribed by the CBSE and other state board exams. They follow the NCERT syllabus because it is very relevant and very informative. Moreover, it also adds worth to their syllabus and inculcates the value of education in children. It helps gives a clear, sequential flow of concepts that boost the understanding level of the students. By knowing the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology, candidates can get knowledge of various board exams and competitive exams such as KVPY and NEET. Biology is a theoretical subject. Therefore, students can score well if they study with all their efforts, attention, and dedication. The important components of the NCERT syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023 including marking pattern, course structure, and practical details are summarised below. Different CBSE and state board schools follow the NCERT Syllabus for class 12 Biology to add value to their curriculum. This Syllabus is released by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). Students can understand the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology in this blog.

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Table of Content

Here is the Syllabus for Biology for Class 12 for the academic session 2022-2023. Students can go through the essential components of the NCERT syllabus below. Exam structure, unit-wise syllabus, practical details, and PDF link is there in the blog. You can easily learn the revised and updated curriculum.

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023: Marks Distribution

The Marks distribution for Biology Class 12 for 2022-2023 is tabulated below. You can have a look.  

Unit	Topic	Marks
VI	Reproduction	14
VII	Genetics & Evolution	18
VIII	Biology & Human Welfare	14
IX	Biotechnology & its Applications	10
X	Ecology & Environment	14
	Practical Work	30
	Total	100

 

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023: Course Structure

The course strcuture for Biology Class 12 for the academic session 2022-2023 is given below. Candidates can have a look over it.
 

Unit VI. Reproduction

Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction-  A characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species
Modes of Reproduction −

• Asexual reproduction
• Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction
Modes-

• Binary fission
• Sporulation
• Budding
• Gemmule
• Fragmentation
• Vegetative propagation in plants

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Flower structure
• Development of male and female gametophytes

Pollination −
Types

• Agencies
• Examples
• Outbreeding devices
• Pollen-Pistil interaction
• Double fertilization
• Post fertilization Events-Development of endosperm and embryo
• Development of seed and formation of fruit

Special modes −

• Apomixes
• Parthenocarpy
• Polyembryony
• Significance of seed and fruit formation

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction

• Male and female reproductive systems
• Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary

Gametogenesis-

• Spermatogenesis
• Oogenesis
• Menstrual cycle
• Fertilisation embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea)
• Parturition (Elementary idea)
• Lactation (Elementary idea)

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health

• Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
• Birth control-
• Need and Methods

Contraception

• Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
• Amniocentesis

Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-

• IVF
• ZIFT
• GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness)

 

Unit VII. Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendelian Inheritance

Deviations from Mendelism-

• Incomplete dominance
• Co-dominance
• Multiple alleles
• Inheritance of blood groups
• Pleiotropy
• Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance
• Chromosome theory of inheritance
• Chromosomes and genes

Sex determination in-

• Humans
• Birds
• Honey bee
• Linkage and crossing over

Sex linked inheritance-

• Haemophilia
• Colour blindness
• Mendelian disorder in humans
• Thalassemia

Chromosomal disorders in humans-

• Down's syndrome
• Turner's
• Klinefelter's syndromes

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material

Structure of DNA and RNA

• DNA packaging
• DNA replication
• Central dogma
• Transcription, genetic code, translation

Gene expression and regulation-

• Lac Operon
• Genome and human ganeome project
• DNA fingerprinting

Chapter 7: Evolution

• Origin of life
• Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (Paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence)
• Darwin's contribution
• Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution

Mechanism of evolution-

• Variation (Mutation and Recombination)
• Natural Selection with examples

Types of natural selection

• Gene flow and genetic drift
• Hardy - Weinberg's principle
• Adaptive Radiation
• Human evolution

 

Unit VIII. Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens - parasites causing human diseases −

• Malaria
• Filariasis
• Ascariasis
• Typhoid
• Pneumonia
• Common cold
• Amoebiasis
• Ring worm

Basic concepts of immunology – Vaccines −

• Cancer
• HIV
• AIDs

Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse

Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Improvement in food production −

• Plant breeding
• Tissue culture
• Single cell protein
• Biofortification
• Apiculature
• Animal husbandry

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

• In household food processing
• Industrial production
• Sewage treatment
• Energy generation and as biocontrol agents
• Biofertilizers

Antibiotics-

• Production and judicious use

 

Unit IX. Biotechnology and Its Applications

Chapter 11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Application

• Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture −
• Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy
• Genetically modified organisms - Bt crops
• Transgenic Animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents

 

Unit X. Ecology and Environment

Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment −

• Habitat
• Niche
• Population
• Ecological adaptations

Population interactions-

• Mutualism
• Competition
• Predation
• Parasitism

Population attributes-

• Growth
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Age distribution

Chapter 14: Ecosystem

• Patterns
• Components
• Productivity
• Decomposition
• Energy flow
• Pyramids of number, biomass, energy
• Nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous)
• Ecological succession

Ecological services-

• Carbon fixation
• Pollination
• Seed dispersal
• Oxygen release (in brief)

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

• Concept of biodiversity
• Patterns of biodiversity
• Importance of biodiversity
• Loss of biodiversity

Biodiversity conservation-

• Hotspots
• Endangered organisms
• Extinction
• Red data book
• Biosphere reserves
• National parks
• Sanctuaries
• Ramsar sites

Chapter-16: Environmental Issues

• Air pollution and its control
• Water pollution and its control
• Agrochemicals and their effects
• Solid waste management
• Radioactive waste management
• Greenhouse effect and climate change
• Ozone layer depletion
• Deforestation

Any one case study as success story depicting environmental problem(s). 
 

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023: Practical Details

Candidates can look over the practical details for Biology Syllabus Class 12 below. We have arranged the information regarding practical section in a tabulated form.

S. No.	Parts	Suggested Topics
1	Part A: List of Experiments	Study pollen germination on a slide. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organisms. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites. Study of plant population density by quadrat method. Study of plant population frequency by quadrat method. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis. Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch. Isolation of DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.
2	Part B: Study/observation of the following (Spotting)	Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insect, bird). Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice). Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak and colour blindness. Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Roundworm through permanent slides or specimens. Comment on symptoms of disease that they cause. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

 

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023: PDF Download

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2022-2023 PDF

 

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